@techreport{oai:shiga-u.repo.nii.ac.jp:00013585,
 author = {Sakai, Yasuhiro},
 issue = {No. E-1},
 month = {Apr},
 note = {Technical Report, This paper aims to compare French mathematician Émile Borel and British economist John Maynard Keynes with special reference to probability theory. Borel and Keynes were the contemporaries who crossing over the English channel, greatly influenced each other in the twentieth century. In his influential book, Borel (1938) harshly criticized Keynes' position on probability theory. In plain English, Borel regarded probability as a measurable object, thus constituting one important branch of mathematics. In contrast, Keynes thought of probability as a non-measurable item, thereby belonging rather to one branch of logic. Their controversies were rather well-known in the academic world, producing so many papers even after their deaths until today. In hindsight, it seems that differences in their views are very deep-rooted and originated in the critical gulf between the abstract-minded French spirit and the empirical-oriented British tradition. In this paper, I wish to offer a set of fresh angles, thus shedding new light on the French-British probability controversy. The first angle is provided by the rediscovery of Keynes's romantic poem on probability, which can be found at the very end of Keynes's 1921 book but has long been neglected until today. The second angle is given by the reinvestigation of Keynes's original yet almost forgotten concept of "interval-valued probability," and the third angle by the new interpretation of Keynes' strange diagram on non-comparable probabilities. The fourth angle arises from the question of how and to what extent probability is related to non-measurability and ambiguity. There remain so many unsolved problems, waiting for future investigation., Discussion Paper, Series E, No. E-1, pp. 1-20},
 title = {Émile Borel Versus John Maynard Keynes:The Two Opposing Views on Probability},
 year = {2020}
}