This study investigates the effectiveness of the Kyoto Protocol on environmental performance and economic improvement using country-level panel data of 209 countries for the periods 1997–2008 and 2005–2008. We combine the propensity score
matching and difference-in-difference methods to examine two hypotheses. The first hypothesis tests the environmental effectiveness that perceives the effect of the protocol in terms of reducing CO2 emission. This hypothesis is accepted, suggesting effective CO2 emission reduction among Annex 1 Parties. In contrast, the second hypothesis that
assumes the positive international environmental agreement effect on economic
performance is rejected, indicating that participating in Annex 1 has a negative effect on
the economic growth. However, from the prediction about the environmental and economic effectiveness based on the result of the statistical analysis, CO2 emissions reduction induced by the Kyoto Protocol exceeds the negative effect on the GDP.
引用
CRR Discussion Paper, Series A, No. A-10, pp. 1-35
Environmental and economic consequences of the Kyoto Protocol
DPA10Tanaka201406.pdf
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